A source of the back-streaming ions in the foreshock region J.Geophys.Res., 88, 3046-3054 (1983).
垂直磁場ショックにおける磁気圏の反射粒子の起源
PDF Foreshock region
Anisotropic ions of the foreshock region may be unstable to electromagnetic
ion cyclotron waves and back-streaming ions are created, then to result
in
observed velocity distributions by theory and computer simulations.
